Lending Wings to the Head
Ursula Goeb has placed detail photographs at the beginning of her catalogues and her website, rather in the style of a company logo. We cannot be certain whether these show the artist herself, or indeed an artist at all, or simply a handiwoman. Initially, this is irritating; for surely an artist's trademark is her work and its unmistakable expressive form? And yet these photos showing the bright red overall splashed with paint, the unpretentiously held flat brushes and paint rags are as ingenious as they are direct. For Ursula Goeb's pictures and drawings are handiwork through and through: from the construction of their abstractly modulated motifs to their haptic quality. The freely oscillating lines create ingenious tracks leading to new pictorial spaces, and the material character of the works is emphasised by a complex correspondence of mixed techniques using a palette knife in the "Head Series" and of marbled transparency or the aleatory quality of water colour painting in the animal pictures.
In an age when the boundaries between original and copy are blurred, and not only the human hand is replaced by technology, but nature has also long arrived at "the age of its technical reproducibility" (Gernot Böhme)1, the painter and draughtswoman Ursula Goeb presents herself as someone working by hand, creating new visual and conceptual constructions and discovering the essence of her motifs and art in these. By contrast, as a counterpole, there is always the spiritual, superior aspect that was once described so well by Constantin Brancusi: "It's not birds I sculpt, it's the act of flying". Just as the Rumanian sculptor did not model birds, but the "essence of flying"2, Ursula Goeb uses her heads, insects, giraffes or beetles to transpose us into organic rhythms and spaces close to nature; spaces that create their own world outside of landscape and urbanity.
Her compositions transform the material itself into the bearer of meaning and thus, despite their abstraction, point back to a concrete, tangible materiality within the pictorial world. In "Insect" or in the series of "Metamorphoses", the symbolic is combined with the background and the bodies of the figures appear to crystallise from out of this, from out of the earthen colours or the apparently encrusted surfaces. Overlaps of this kind, the permanent dialogue of background and line is merely a pictorial reference, yet it always locates our imagination in a world that we do not see in this way but are nonetheless aware of: Simultaneously close to life and unfamiliar.
The simultaneity of different painting materials and pictorial fabrics maintains a subtle balance between fundamental and delicate aspects, a principle recalling that of construction kits. Goeb combines organic and tectonic aspects, from time to time constructing her pictures from already existing sketches and drawings without disguising this recycling process. There is no smoothing over of the surface. The notion of the tectonic - which is usually reduced to its metaphorical significance in the context of fine art - thus reverts to its original meaning in Goeb's work. The ancient Greeks derived the concept from the architect and joiner, Latin includes the concepts of tectum, meaning a roof and the ceiling of a room, and tectus: covered, hidden, protected.
These material realms are laid around the small beings like a protection, or they explode as a counter action to them. Crystalline remains of the tempera paints then form delicate crusts around the "Insect Wings". Perhaps - in accordance with chaos theory - the beating of their wings may lead to a whirlwind3, but they certainly trigger intellectual activity in the viewer. In "Animal Migration", this material, haptic quality receives an additional potential. The earth's surface appears to open up into a multiform realm. The rifts and gaps consciously left behind seem to simultaneously reveal and encode, pointing out paths that extend beyond the area of the picture.
Everything appears abstract. Figures only emerge as schemata. Nevertheless, the images relate deep, sensitive observations and provide evidence of these. As a photographer and draughtswoman, Ursula Goeb was involved in zoological studies for a decade. Sometimes the artist also slipped into the role of a biological assistant, taking a hand in experiments herself, and building dry biotopes for insects and reptiles out of layered slate. These experiences enter into her world of images and motifs repeatedly; although currently they are less influenced by mimesis and reproduction than by the permeation of the two disciplines research and art, by the transformation of the original opposites nature and art, which leads to the panta rhei in Goeb's work. The motto "all is flux", - ascribed to Heraclitus - is always with Ursula Goeb in her studio, and it is reflected in the factual and intellectual oscillation in her art. The starting points are always concrete nature - and the titles underline the basic material content of her works: Hand, Head, Insect, Figure, Metamorphosis (here this is used in the sense of biological metabolism: the transformation from egg to the sexually mature insect through various larva stages).
In Goeb's works, sediments of personal experience seem to become deposited on the threshold between physis and the sublime. They do not evoke a reproduction of an animal, but the sense that we participate in the pupation of a beetle, for example. In "Insect Battle", the lines not only describe the wings, but also their movement, and in addition, the lines' own value, which - as a fine web - permits us to experience the way the larva bursts out of its cocoon in the "Metamorphoses". Thus Goeb transforms the metamorphic processes of nature into a symbol of the constant change in both life and art, something Willi Baumeister called for: "The unknown represents the polar opposite to every experience. Art should be viewed as a metamorphosis, as constant transformation."4 Goeb penetrates into this unknown with her images, drawing from the fertile confrontation of regions located beyond the visible.
Animals play a central role in Ursula Goeb's work; especially the creatures of a fauna that has no positive associations in our hygienic, germ-free order of civilisation. Her works crawl and creep, swarm and buzz with insects and reptiles, on two wings or four feet. Whenever insects or beetles appear in art, one has a slight tendency to think of Franz Kafka's "Metamorphosis". But Goeb's bestiarium - despite the usually earthen colours and darkly atmospheric tones - is not Kafkaesque. It is not the animal side of man that is revealed or psychologically examined in her work. Rather, the artist approaches these creatures and their organisational forms with curiosity. This creates an unconventional view of reality and also triggers a desire for discovery in the viewer. Sometime we gain the impression that we can touch the earth with our eyes.
The Belgian director and concept artist Jan Fabre, who employs beetles as objects or in installations to create shimmering costumes, referred to the beetle - in conversation with Ilya Kabakov - as a "symbol of a better life or the approach to a new life". This interpretation had already appeared in Dutch still-life paintings with a vanitas motif in the past. In the same context, Kabakov identifies himself with a fly, and indeed, the Russian conceptualist focused on this in numerous installations and drawings: "I have a fleeting, changing, disappearing identity, like the body of the fly itself …. That is the ultimate characteristic of the fly, that it is here and then it has disappeared, and then it is no longer there. And of course the fly is a metaphor of freedom."5
Goeb's pictures also shimmer between scientific insight and artistic freedom. Two sheets of work meet. Almost casually. A mass of black passes through the bottom one, above it there is a smaller black stripe from which light-coloured contours grow, and they in their turn encompass even lighter structures. The outlines of the two, amorphous black patches of colour are not carefully fitted together, but slightly displaced. It is as if each wanted to pull in the opposite direction, to abolish the fleeting connection again immediately, defiantly maintaining its independence. Perhaps this defiant act refers most of all to the human head, although the images are not portraits in the traditional sense. That is why the title "Winged Head" also touches the essence in Ursula Goeb's work: whether a collage opens up changing spaces immanent to the image, or a canvas painted with forceful strokes of the spatula triggers inner portraits. "Our heads are round so that our thought can alter its direction", as the French-Spanish painter and writer Francis Picabia said during the 1920s.6 In Goeb's work, the movement of thought is not only circular, it spreads out freely into all dimensions. Her pictures lend wings to the head, and thus to our perception, to our ways of thinking.
Michaela Nolte
Berlin, March 2004
The philosopher Gernot Böhme illuminates this development, adapting the title of the famous essay by Walter Benjamin in "Natürlich Natur", Edition Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/Main, 1991
2 Helen M. Franc, "An Invitation to See", p. 51, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1992
3 On the "butterfly effect" in chaos theory, see: Gregor Morfill/Herbert Scheingraber "Chaos ist überall … und es funktioniert", p. 191, Verlag Ullstein, Frankfurt/Main-Berlin, 1993
4 Willi Baumeister, "Das Unbekannte in der Kunst", p. 41, Verlag DuMont Schauberg, Cologne, 1960, 3rd edition 1974
5Jan Fabre/Ilya Kabakov, "A Meeting" in: "Get Together. Kunst als Teamwork", p. 191 ff., Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna 1999
6 Francis Picabia "Unser Kopf ist rund…", Kleine Bücherei für Hand und Kopf, Vol. 31, Edition Nautilus, Hamburg, 1989